Step+2

From prior knowledge, class discussion and/or resources available in the classroom, ** define the following: ** >>
 * Lyric poem
 * Started in the Romantic era, a **Lyric Poem** typically shows personal or emotional feelings, and is generally written in the present tense. Most often, Lyric poems are put to song with a stringed instrument.
 * Sonnet
 * A **Sonnet** is usually comprised of 14 lines and is usually written in //Iambic Pentameter//. Sonnets are usually expressive of a single and complete thought, idea or sentiment. The format of a sonnet is generally set up with a major group of 8 lines, followed by a minor group of 6 lines. However, in more recent times, sonnets have been set up into 3 groups of 4 lines, followed by two lines.
 * Free Verse
 * Poetry written in **Free Verse** does not follow any fixed metrical pattern. Poems written in free verse typically do not have a rhyme scheme either.
 * Simile
 * A **Simile** can be used to compare two or more things together. Traditionally, similes are able to relate feelings to objects, and add a deeper meaning to objects.
 * Metaphor
 * In the world of poetry, **metaphors** are like similes, but generally compare the two objects without the words, ‘like’ or ‘as.’ Metaphors allow for a deep connection between two objects that are similar. Metaphors can take the relation between objects to the extreme, reaching out to the reader.
 * Imagery
 * The use of **imagery** allows the reader to see and visualize the objects and scenes on a more personal level, allowing them to genuinely feel the material being read. With imagery, objects seem more realistic and relatable.
 * Alliteration
 * The use of **alliteration** allows for a quick moment of comic relief while giving a more memorable experience to the scene. For example: "The transvestite terrorist terrorized Texas." Obviously, you’re going to remember this scene in a poem, because you laughed at it.
 * Assonance
 * An **assonance** is the repetition of sounds contained in vowels that can have a longer lasting impact on the reader. Lines like “mURmURing buzz of innumERable” that have a sort of rhyme help the reader remember the line more clearly.
 * Consonance
 * **Consonance** is a poetic device characterized by the repetition of the same consonant two or more times in short succession, as in "**p**i**tt**er **p**a**tt**er" or in "all **m**a**mm**als na**m**ed Sa**m** are cla**mm**y.” Consonances are usually found in poems for the younger generations.
 * End Rhyme
 * In poetry, a rhyme that occurs in the last syllables of verses, as in stanza one of Robert Frost's "Stoppingby Woods on a Snowy Evening": Whose woods these are I think I know,His house is in the village,though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow ” are called **end rhymes**.
 * Slant Rhyme
 * A **slant rhyme** is a rhyme which either the vowels or the consonants of stressed syllables are identical.
 * Hyperbole
 * A **hyperbole** is an obvious and intentional exaggeration. Obviously, one fart isn’t going to smell like a field of dead bodies.
 * Pun
 * The use of a **pun** is the obvious misuse of a word in order to make a joke.
 * Connotation
 * In the world of poetry, the **connotation** is the feeling or emotion brought about from a word or phrase, as opposed to what the word is associated with in its literal translation.
 * Tone (remember to pay close attention to the shift)
 * In poetry, the ** tone ** of a piece is the attitude that the written style implies. However, tone can shift in a poem. The tone can shift from any variety of things; it’s all up to the writer.
 * Personification
 * When an author uses **personification**, he is giving human characteristics, actions or thoughts to objects that otherwise would not have or use them. Obviously, an alarm isn’t going to shout, “Wake up!”
 * Onomatopoeia
 * When **onomatopoeia** is used, identifiable words are put into sounds. Words like zip, bang and crash are examples of sounds that we would easily recognize if presented with.
 * Allusion
 * In the world of both poetry and literature, **allusions** are used to reference in another piece of literature or story. Any story that has a child without a father is often an allusion to Jesus Christ, who grew up without a physical father.
 * Volta
 * A **volta** is a turning point in a sonnet. The volta usually occurs at the beginning of a sestet in Italian, and is used to distract readers of the beat of Iambic Pentameter or a set rhyme scheme.